647 lines
17 KiB
Groff
647 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenBSD: stat.2,v 1.3 1997/02/13 05:20:55 millert Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)stat.2 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd May 15, 2008
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.Dt STAT 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fstat ,
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.Nm fstat64 ,
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.Nm lstat ,
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.Nm lstat64 ,
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.Nm stat ,
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.Nm stat64 ,
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.Nm fstatat
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.Nd get file status
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <sys/stat.h>
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.Ft int
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.Fo fstat
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.Fa "int fildes"
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.Fa "struct stat *buf"
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.Fc
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.Ft int
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.Fo lstat
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.Fa "const char *restrict path"
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.Fa "struct stat *restrict buf"
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.Fc
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.Ft int
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.Fo stat
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.Fa "const char *restrict path"
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.Fa "struct stat *restrict buf"
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.Fc
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.Ft int
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.Fn fstatat "int fd" "const char *path" "struct stat *buf" "int flag"
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.Sh TRANSITIIONAL SYNOPSIS (NOW DEPRECATED)
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.Ft int
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.br
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.Fo fstat64
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.Fa "int fildes"
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.Fa "struct stat64 *buf"
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.Fc ;
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.sp
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.Ft int
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.br
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.Fo lstat64
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.Fa "const char *restrict path"
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.Fa "struct stat64 *restrict buf"
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.Fc ;
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.sp
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.Ft int
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.br
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.Fo stat64
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.Fa "const char *restrict path"
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.Fa "struct stat64 *restrict buf"
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.Fc ;
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn stat
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function obtains information about the file pointed to by
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.Fa path .
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Read, write or execute
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permission of the named file is not required, but all directories
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listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn lstat
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function
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is like
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.Fn stat
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except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link;
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.Fn lstat
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returns information about the link,
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while
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.Fn stat
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returns information about the file the link references.
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For symbolic links, the st_mode member contains meaningful information
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when used with the file type macros, and the st_size member contains
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the length of the pathname contained in the symbolic link.
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File mode bits and the contents of the remaining members of the stat
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structure are unspecified.
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The value returned in the st_size member is the length of the contents of
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the symbolic link, and does not count any trailing null.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fstat
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obtains the same information about an open file
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known by the file descriptor
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.Fa fildes .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fstatat
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system call is equivalent to
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.Fn stat
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and
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.Fn lstat
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except in the case where the
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.Fa path
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specifies a relative path.
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In this case the status is retrieved from a file relative to
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the directory associated with the file descriptor
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.Fa fd
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instead of the current working directory.
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.Pp
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The values for the
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.Fa flag
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are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following list,
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defined in
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.In fcntl.h :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
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If
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.Fa path
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names a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned.
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.El
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW_ANY
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If
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.Fa path
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names a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned.
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If a symbolic link is encountered during pathname resolution, an error
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is returned.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Fn fstatat
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is passed the special value
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.Dv AT_FDCWD
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in the
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.Fa fd
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parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is
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identical to a call to
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.Fn stat
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or
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.Fn lstat
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respectively, depending on whether or not the
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.Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
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bit is set in
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.Fa flag .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa buf
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argument is a pointer to a
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.Fa stat
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structure
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as defined by
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.Aq Pa sys/stat.h
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and into which information is placed concerning the file.
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When the macro
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.Dv _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
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is not defined (see below for more information about this macro), the
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.Fa stat
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structure is defined as:
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.Bd -literal
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struct stat { /* when _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is NOT defined */
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dev_t st_dev; /* device inode resides on */
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ino_t st_ino; /* inode's number */
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mode_t st_mode; /* inode protection mode */
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nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links to the file */
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uid_t st_uid; /* user-id of owner */
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gid_t st_gid; /* group-id of owner */
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dev_t st_rdev; /* device type, for special file inode */
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struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */
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struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */
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struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last file status change */
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off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */
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quad_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */
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u_long st_blksize;/* optimal file sys I/O ops blocksize */
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u_long st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */
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u_long st_gen; /* file generation number */
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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However, when the macro
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.Dv _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
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is defined, the
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.Fa stat
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structure will now be defined as:
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.Bd -literal
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struct stat { /* when _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is defined */
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dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */
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mode_t st_mode; /* Mode of file (see below) */
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nlink_t st_nlink; /* Number of hard links */
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ino_t st_ino; /* File serial number */
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uid_t st_uid; /* User ID of the file */
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gid_t st_gid; /* Group ID of the file */
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dev_t st_rdev; /* Device ID */
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struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */
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struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */
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struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last status change */
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struct timespec st_birthtimespec; /* time of file creation(birth) */
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off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */
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blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */
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blksize_t st_blksize; /* optimal blocksize for I/O */
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uint32_t st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */
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uint32_t st_gen; /* file generation number */
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int32_t st_lspare; /* RESERVED: DO NOT USE! */
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int64_t st_qspare[2]; /* RESERVED: DO NOT USE! */
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The time-related fields of
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.Fa struct stat
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are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width XXXst_birthtime
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.It st_atime
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Time when file data last accessed.
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Changed by the
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2
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and
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.Xr read 2
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system calls.
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.It st_mtime
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Time when file data last modified.
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Changed by the
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2
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and
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.Xr write 2
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system calls.
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.It st_ctime
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Time when file status was last changed (inode data modification).
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Changed by the
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr chown 2 ,
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.Xr link 2 ,
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr rename 2 ,
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.Xr unlink 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2
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and
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.Xr write 2
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system calls.
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.It st_birthtime
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Time of file creation.
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Only set once when the file is created.
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This field is only available in the 64 bit inode variants.
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On filesystems where birthtime is not available, this field is set to 0
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(i.e. epoch).
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.El
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.Pp
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The size-related fields of the structures are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width XXXst_blksize
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.It st_blksize
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The optimal I/O block size for the file.
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.It st_blocks
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The actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units.
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As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may
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be zero.
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.El
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.Pp
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The status information word
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.Fa st_mode
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has the following bits:
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.Bd -literal
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#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */
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#define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
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#define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
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#define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
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#define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
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#define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
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#define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
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#define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
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#define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
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#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
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#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
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#define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
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#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
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#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
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#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For a list of access modes, see
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.Aq Pa sys/stat.h ,
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.Xr access 2
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and
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.Xr chmod 2 .
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.Pp
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For a list of the file flags in the
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.Fa st_flags
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field, see
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.Aq Pa sys/stat.h
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and
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.Xr chflags 2 .
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.Sh _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
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In order to accommodate advanced capabilities of newer file systems, the
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.Fa struct stat ,
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.Fa struct statfs ,
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and
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.Fa struct dirent
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data structures were updated in Mac OSX 10.5.
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.Pp
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The most obvious change is the increased size of
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.Fa ino_t
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from 32 bits to 64 bits.
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As a consequence, storing an ino_t in an int is no longer safe, and file
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formats storing ino_t as 32-bit values may need to be updated.
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There are other changes as well, such as the widening of
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.Fa f_fstypename ,
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.Fa f_mntonname ,
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and
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.Fa f_mntfromname
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in
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.Fa struct statfs .
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Please refer to
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.Xr dir 5
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for more detail on the specific changes to the other affected data structures.
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.Pp
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On platforms that existed before these updates were available, ABI
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compatibility is achieved by providing two implementations for related
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functions: one using the legacy data structures and one using the updated
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data structures.
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Variants which make use of the newer structures have their symbols suffixed
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with $INODE64.
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These $INODE64 suffixes are automatically appended by the compiler
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tool-chain and should not be used directly.
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.Pp
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Platforms that were released after these updates only have the newer variants
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available to them.
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These platforms have the macro
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.Dv _DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE
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defined.
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.Pp
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The
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.Dv _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
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macro should not be set directly.
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Instead, developers should make use of the
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.Dv _DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE
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or
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.Dv _DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE
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macros when the default variant is not desired.
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The following table details the effects of defining these macros for
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different deployment targets.
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.Pp
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.hy 0
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.TS
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center;
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c s s s
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l | c s s
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c | c c c
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c | c c c
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l | c c c.
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T{
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_DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE \fBnot defined\fP
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T}
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=
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Deployment Target
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user defines: < 10.5 10.5 > 10.5
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_
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T{
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\fI(none)\fP
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T} 32-bit 32-bit 64-bit
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T{
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_DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE
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T} 32-bit 32-bit 32-bit
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T{
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_DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE
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T} 32-bit 64-bit 64-bit
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_
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.T&
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c s s s
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c | s s
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c | l s s
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c | c c c
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l | c c c.
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T{
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_DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE \fBdefined\fP
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T}
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=
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user defines: Any Deployment Target
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_
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T{
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\fI(none)\fP
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T} 64-bit-only
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T{
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_DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE
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T} T{
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\fI(error)\fP
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T}
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T{
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_DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE
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T} 64-bit-only
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_
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.TE
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.hy
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.Bl -tag -width 64-bit-only -offset indent
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.It 32-bit
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32-bit inode values are enabled, and the legacy structures involving the
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.Vt ino_t
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type are in use.
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The macro
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.Dv _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
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is not defined.
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.It 64-bit
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64-bit inode values are enabled, and the expanded structures involving the
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.Vt ino_t
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type are in use.
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The macro
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.Dv _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
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is defined, and loader symbols will contain the
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.Li $INODE64
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suffix.
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.It 64-bit-only
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Like 64-bit, except loader symbols do not have the
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.Li $INODE64
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suffix.
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.It Em (error)
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A compile time error is generated.
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.El
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.Pp
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|
Due to the increased benefits of the larger structure, it is highly
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recommended that developers not define
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.Dv _DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE
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and make use of
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.Dv _DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE
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when targeting Mac OSX 10.5.
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.Pp
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|
In addition to the $INODE64 suffixed symbols, variants suffixed with 64 are
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also available for related functions.
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These functions were provided as a way for developers to use the updated
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structures in code that also made use of the legacy structures.
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The enlarged stat structures were also prefixed with 64 to distinguish them
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from their legacy variants.
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These functions have been deprecated and should be avoided.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned.
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Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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|
Previous versions of the system used different types for the
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.Li st_dev ,
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.Li st_uid ,
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.Li st_gid ,
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.Li st_rdev ,
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.Li st_size ,
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.Li st_blksize
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and
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.Li st_blocks
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fields.
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.Sh ERRORS
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The
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.Fn fstat
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system call will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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.Fa fildes
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is not a valid open file descriptor.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa Sb
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points to an invalid address.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurs while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn lstat
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and
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.Fn stat
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|
system calls will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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|
.\" ===========
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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|
Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
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.\" ===========
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa Sb
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or
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.Em name
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points to an invalid address.
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.\" ===========
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurs while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.\" ===========
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.It Bq Er ELOOP
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Too many symbolic links are encountered in translating the pathname.
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This is taken to be indicative of a looping symbolic link.
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.\" ===========
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.It Bq Er ELOOP
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|
If AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW_ANY is passed and symbolic link was encountered
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during pathname resolution.
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.\" ===========
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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|
A component of a pathname exceeds
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.Dv {NAME_MAX}
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|
characters, or an entire path name exceeds
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.Dv {PATH_MAX}
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|
characters.
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|
.\" ===========
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|
.It Bq Er ENOENT
|
|
The named file does not exist.
|
|
.\" ===========
|
|
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
|
|
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn fstat ,
|
|
.Fn lstat ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn stat
|
|
system calls will fail if:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Er
|
|
.\" ===========
|
|
.It Bq Er EOVERFLOW
|
|
The file size in bytes
|
|
or the number of blocks allocated to the file
|
|
or the file serial number cannot be represented correctly
|
|
in the structure pointed to by
|
|
.Fa buf .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In addition to the errors returned by the
|
|
.Fn stat
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn lstat ,
|
|
.Fn fstatat
|
|
may fail if:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Er
|
|
.It Bq Er EBADF
|
|
The
|
|
.Fa path
|
|
argument does not specify an absolute path and the
|
|
.Fa fd
|
|
argument is neither
|
|
.Dv AT_FDCWD
|
|
nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
|
|
.It Bq Er EINVAL
|
|
The value of the
|
|
.Fa flag
|
|
argument is not valid.
|
|
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
|
|
The
|
|
.Fa path
|
|
argument is not an absolute path and
|
|
.Fa fd
|
|
is neither
|
|
.Dv AT_FDCWD
|
|
nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh CAVEATS
|
|
The file generation number,
|
|
.Fa st_gen ,
|
|
is only available to the super-user.
|
|
.br
|
|
The fields in the stat structure currently marked
|
|
.Fa st_spare1 ,
|
|
.Fa st_spare2 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Fa st_spare3
|
|
are present in preparation for inode time stamps expanding
|
|
to 64 bits.
|
|
This, however, can break certain programs that
|
|
depend on the time stamps being contiguous (in calls to
|
|
.Xr utimes 2 ) .
|
|
.Sh TRANSITIONAL DESCRIPTION (NOW DEPRECATED)
|
|
The
|
|
.Fa fstat64 ,
|
|
.Fa lstat64
|
|
and
|
|
.Fa stat64
|
|
routines are equivalent to their corresponding non-64-suffixed routine,
|
|
when 64-bit inodes are in effect.
|
|
They were added before there was support for the symbol variants, and so are
|
|
now deprecated.
|
|
Instead of using these, set the
|
|
.Dv _DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE
|
|
macro before including header files to force 64-bit inode support.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fa stat64
|
|
structure used by these deprecated routines is the same as the
|
|
.Fa stat
|
|
structure when 64-bit inodes are in effect (see above).
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr chflags 2 ,
|
|
.Xr chmod 2 ,
|
|
.Xr chown 2 ,
|
|
.Xr statfs 2 ,
|
|
.Xr utimes 2 ,
|
|
.Xr compat 5 ,
|
|
.Xr symlink 7
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Applying
|
|
.Fn fstat
|
|
to a socket (and thus to a pipe)
|
|
returns a zero'd buffer,
|
|
except for the blocksize field,
|
|
and a unique device and inode number.
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn stat
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn fstat
|
|
function calls are expected to conform to
|
|
.St -p1003.1-88 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn fstatat
|
|
system call is expected to conform to POSIX.1-2008 .
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
An
|
|
.Fn lstat
|
|
function call appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn stat64 ,
|
|
.Fn fstat64 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn lstat64
|
|
system calls first appeared in Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) and are now deprecated
|
|
in favor of the corresponding symbol variants.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn fstatat
|
|
system call appeared in OS X 10.10
|