213 lines
6 KiB
Groff
213 lines
6 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: icmp.4,v 1.3 1994/11/30 16:22:14 jtc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)icmp.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 19, 2002
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.Dt ICMP 4
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm icmp
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.Nd Internet Control Message Protocol
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
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.Fd #include <netinet/in.h>
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.Ft int
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.Fn socket AF_INET SOCK_RAW proto
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Tn ICMP
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is the error and control message protocol used
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by
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.Tn IP
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and the Internet protocol family. It may be accessed
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through a
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.Dq raw socket
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for network monitoring
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and diagnostic functions.
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The
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.Fa proto
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parameter to the socket call to create an
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.Tn ICMP
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socket
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is obtained from
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.Xr getprotobyname 3 .
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.Tn ICMP
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sockets are connectionless,
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and are normally used with the
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.Xr sendto
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and
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.Xr recvfrom
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calls, though the
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.Xr connect 2
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call may also be used to fix the destination for future
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packets (in which case the
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.Xr read 2
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or
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.Xr recv 2
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and
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.Xr write 2
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or
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.Xr send 2
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system calls may be used).
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.Pp
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Outgoing packets automatically have an
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.Tn IP
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header prepended to
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them (based on the destination address).
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Incoming packets are received with the
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.Tn IP
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header and options intact.
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Note that the ip_off and ip_len fields are in host byte order.
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For more information about the IP header structure, see
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.Xr ip 4 .
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.Ss "Non-privileged ICMP"
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.Pp
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.Tn ICMP
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sockets can be opened with the
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.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
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socket type without requiring root privileges. The synopsis is the following:
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.Pp
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.Fn socket AF_INET SOCK_DGRAM IPPROTO_ICMP
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.Pp
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Datagram oriented
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.Tn ICMP
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sockets offer a subset of the functionality available to raw
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.Tn ICMP
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sockets. Only
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.Tn IMCP
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request messages of the following types can be sent:
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ICMP_ECHO, ICMP_TSTAMP or ICMP_MASKREQ.
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The code field must be the value zero (0).
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The minimal length of an
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.Tn ICMP
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message request is eight (8) octets.
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.Pp
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The advantage of using datagram oriented
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.Tn ICMP
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sockets is that even a non-privileged process can use
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.Tn ICMP
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echo requests to gauge the quality of the connectivity to a host,
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or to receive
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.Tn ICMP
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destination unreachable message for path MTU discovery, or to receive
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time exceeded messages for traceroute.
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.Pp
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The following
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.Tn IP
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level option can be used with datagram oriented
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.Tn ICMP
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sockets:
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.Bl -column ip_opts -offset 4n
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.It IP_OPTIONS
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.It IP_HDRINCL
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.It IP_TOS
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.It IP_TTL
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.It IP_RECVOPTS
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.It IP_RECVRETOPTS
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.It IP_RECVDSTADDR
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.It IP_RETOPTS
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.It IP_MULTICAST_IF
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.It IP_MULTICAST_TTL
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.It IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
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.It IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
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.It IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
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.It IP_MULTICAST_VIF
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.It IP_PORTRANGE
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.It IP_RECVIF
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.It IP_IPSEC_POLICY
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.It IP_STRIPHDR
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.El
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.Pp
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When the
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.Tn IP
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option IP_HDRINCL is used, the provided
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.Tn IP
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header must obey the following rules:
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.Bl -column ip_opts -offset 4n
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.It ip_v Ta Must be IPVERSION (4);
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.It ip_hl Ta Between 5 and 10 (inclusive);
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.It ip_tos Ta Any value;
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.It ip_len Ta Must be the total length of IP datagram (IP header + ICMP message);
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.It ip_id Ta Must be zero, will be automatically set;
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.It ip_off Ta Must be zero, will be automatically set;
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.It ip_ttl Ta Any value;
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.It ip_p Ta Must be IPPROTO_IP;
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.It ip_sum Ta Value ignored, will be automatically set;
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.It ip_src Ta Must be an
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.Tn IP
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address currently assigned to one of the local interface or INADDR_ANY;
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.It ip_dst Ta Any address;
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.It ip_opts Ta Any option.
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.El
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.Pp
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The maximum length of a IMCP message that can be sent is controlled
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by the sysctl
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variable net.inet.raw.maxdgram.
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
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.Bl -tag -width [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
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.It Bq Er EISCONN
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when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
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already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
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address specified and the socket is already connected;
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.It Bq Er ENOTCONN
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when trying to send a datagram, but
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no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been
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connected;
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.It Bq Er ENOBUFS
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when the system runs out of memory for
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an internal data structure;
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.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL
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when an attempt is made to create a
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socket with a network address for which no network interface
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exists;
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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when an invalid value is used with
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.Tn IMCP
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datagram socket for a field of the
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.Tn IP
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or
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.Tn ICMP
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header.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr recv 2 ,
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.Xr send 2 ,
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.Xr inet 4 ,
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr ip 4
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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protocol appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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